India - Kerala - Preparation for planting rice

In the monte, in the north of Santa Fe province, the locals beat the quebracho colourado. This is a tree about 25 metres high and with an average diameter of one and a half metres. The heartwood is rich in tannin, which is used in industry. - 1973

An ox cart on the road between Copán and La Entrada in Honduras. - 1977

The Wadi Mathendous has carved its bed into the rugged landscape of the Messak noir, in the Fezzan in southern Libya. Following the dead course of the former river, now blocked by boulders, one reaches the famous site of the elephant of In Galjeïen: It is located on the rock that closes off the farthest part of the horizon. - Libya - 1969

South of Djanet, on the edge of the Erg Admer, an isolated rock juts out of the Wadi Edjiriou. On it one finds four very deeply engraved oxen. The place is called Terrarart. Algeria - Tassili n'Ajjer - 1993

Very beautiful fresco with cattle from the pastoral period, painted with red ochre and white paint. Black browns, greens, blues and yellows were achieved by combining red ochre with various metal oxides. Algeria - Tassili n'Ajjer - Jabbaren - 1993

Ouan Zouaten (Tadrart, In-Djaren region). - Representation of engraved cattle. Algeria - Tadrart - 1993

Ouan Zouaten (Tadrart, In-Djaren region). - Depiction of engraved cattle. Width of the group depicted : 2.50 m. Algeria - Tadrart - 1993

Amazing frieze depicting high quality engraved cows in the best naturalistic style. The pinned contours form circles that reproduce the animals' fur. Between the legs of the cow in the centre is a very small figure. Algeria - Tadrart - Tan-Ekli - 1993

47 - Tanakom (Aïr). - Pastoral period. Various quadrupeds. The interest lies in the two figures in the center. The one on the left would fit well in a modern art museum and does not allow for any satisfactory explanation. The one on the right may be holding a bow.

85 - Enneri Domo, Arkana site. - Chariot period. Ox-drawn cart. The wheels have six spokes and are engraved in a "flattened" style. The "floor" plays an important role, and the yokes are very wide apart. Note the primitive stylization of the animals and the character. The cart from one outer edge of the wheel to the other: 0.58 meters.

96 - Enneri Blaka. Site 2. - Drawing of a very decadent ox, based on a photograph by Maximilien Bruggmann. From the tail to the horn tip: 0.53 m.

438 - Jabbaren (Tassili-n'Ajjer). - Mural of bovines from the pastoral period, painted with red ochre and white paint. There is a predominance of males. It can be assumed that castration was already known at this time, but it is unclear what economic practices governed the management of these large herds. The panel depicted is 1.85 meters wide.

439 - Jabbaren (Tassili-n'Ajjer). - Detail of the previous panel. The combination of red ochre with various metal oxides allowed the creation of black-brown, green, blue, and yellow hues.

473 - Ozeneare (Tassili-n'Ajjer). - In a "rock medallion," a figure with a striped head holds a staff with an outstretched arm. Width of the depicted panel: 0.30 m.

646 - Enneri Bessama (Tibesti). - A large bull, dotted with lyre-shaped horns. From the nose to the tip of the tail: 0.57 m.

Rice fields are traditionally ploughed with oxen. The fields must be flat, and often ‘puddling’ (making them muddy) and harrowing are used to create a soft structure for planting. – Kandangan near Pare, East Java – 1990

Traditional ox cart in Sri Lanka, used to transport agricultural goods. Such carts were a very common means of transport in rural areas. The cart is pulled by two zebus (humped cattle), which are known for their endurance and adaptability to hot climates. – 1990

Ploughing a flooded rice field for planting the pricked seedlings. In the foreground, a second field has already been cultivated. - Sri Lanka – 1990

Near Huanuni in the department of Oruro. Having finished their day’s work, a farming couple are on their way home. Whilst the urban economy in Huanuni is dominated by Cerro Posokoni and the tin mine, small family farms in the surrounding countryside, at an altitude of just under 4,000 metres, ensure their basic subsistence by growing hardy, traditional crops such as potatoes, quinoa and cañahua. The region around Huanuni and the nearby Lake Poopó suffers greatly from the environmental consequences of centuries of mining, which is why traditional, nature-friendly farming methods without heavy machinery remain essential for the farmers. A team of two oxen (yunta) breaks up the dry, often stony soil. The donkey often carries the precious seeds for the upcoming sowing before the rainy season. – Bolivia – 1976

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