In Rosso, on the Senegal River on the border between Mauritania and the Senegalese state, the camel, the "desert ship", and the pirogue, the river boat, meet. - Senegal - 1969

At the market in Timbédra, this old man patiently waits for a buyer. - Mauritania - 1969

Pier of the pirogues on the river Niger - Kabara - Mali - 1969

A fisherman with his pirogue on the Niger River in the Mopti area. - Mali - 1969

Preparing the weaving threads - Mopti region - Mali - 1969

Young woman from the town of Hombori, which lies between Mopti and Gao on the edge of the Hombori-Tondo table mountain. This area is inhabited by the Gurma tribe. - Mali - 1969

Women carrying their household goods on their heads - Tahoua - Niger - 1970

As a means of transport, these two Touaregs from the Tabalak region need a dromedary. The use of an umbrella is unusual. - Niger - 1970

Girls as well as boys help to bring the cattle to the drinking trough. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

Joining forces makes it easier to lift the water bag - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

After watering, the cattle are returned to the surrounding pastures. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

This simple tent is the dwelling of a family Bororo - Ekisman well - Niger - 1970

This young Peul wears the typical hat of the Zinder region - Southern Niger - 1970

Fishermen sell their catch on the banks of the Chari - Chad - 1967

Tamchekett is a town in the Hodh El Gharbi region of south-central Mauritania. Temporary lakes form here during the rainy season. - Mauritania - 1969

Rosso is a border community between Senegal and Mauritania, on the banks of the Senegal River. - Senegal - 1969

Kayar is a small coastal town in Senegal, north of Dakar. Artisanal fishing is the most important industry in Kayar. Every evening, hundreds of pirogues unload tons of fish on the beach. - Senegal - 1969

A girl from Timbédra. This place is a small market centre and is located on the Route de l'Espoir, the only west-east asphalt road crossing the country. - Mauritania - 1969

These unique houses with the baobab tree in the background can be found in the small village of Somo, which lies between Bamako and Ségou. - Mali - 1969

This Moor waits for a job in the port of Kabara. - Mali - 1969

Silver and leather working is an important craft. The sword scabbard of a takouba is made here. - Kabara - Mali - 1969

Kayar is a small coastal town in Senegal, north of Dakar. Artisanal fishing is the most important industry in Kayar. Every evening, hundreds of pirogues unload tons of fish on the beach. - Senegal - 1969

Kayar is a small coastal town in Senegal, north of Dakar. Traditional fishing is the most important economic activity in Kayar. A girl sells fish at the market. - Senegal - 1969

This old man from Tidjikja, southern Mauritania, has the typical features of his breed. The sun and life in the wide open spaces have chiselled his countenance and shaped him. - Mauritania - 1969

Near Mopti - Boats on the Niger River - Mali - 1969

A young water carrier in the Mopti area - Mali - 1969

View of Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania. Nouakchott's convenient location on the Atlantic Ocean in the south of the country was chosen in 1958 to build a capital for the newly independent country on the site of a village with 500 inhabitants at the end of the French colonial period. Due to the rural exodus caused by economic crises and droughts in the 1970s and 1980s, it has since grown, largely unplanned, to over one million inhabitants. A large proportion of those who have moved in live in sprawling neighbourhoods in cheap accommodation with inadequate infrastructure in all areas. - Mauritania - 1968

A Fula woman adorned with rich jewelry from Boré, located in the Mopti area. - Mali - 1969

The village of Noudache is located next to the site of Aoudaghost, which was uncovered by archaeological missions in the 1960s. It is a rather unusual site, as it is thought that it may have been the capital of the Ghana Empire in the 8th century, an oasis of great wealth, only a small part of which has been revealed. The village of Noudache is very new, the first settlements having been built in the 1970s by settled nomads, and lies at the foot of a rocky basin. - Mauritania - 1970

A transport boat on the Niger River near Gao - Mali - 1969

A weaver demonstrates his manual skills in the Niamey museum - Niger - 1970

The town of Filingué is located northeast of the capital Niamey, on the border of the transition zone between the Sahel and the Sahara. - Decorated house in Filingué - Niger - 1970

Pumpkin harvest in Negana near Bla, a town in the south of Mali. The town is an important trans-shipment point for the north-eastern towns of Mopti and Gao, as well as for Sikasso to the south and exports to Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire. - Mali - 1969

A herd of goats rests by a pool formed during the rainy season. 46 km north-east of Tahoua - Niger - 1970

This Touareg needs an umbrella to protect it from the sun. - Near Tabalak in the northern Sahel. - Niger - 1970

Pumpkin harvest in Negana near Bla, a town in the south of Mali. The town is an important trans-shipment point for the north-eastern towns of Mopti and Gao, as well as for Sikasso to the south and exports to Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire. - Mali - 1969

The baobab is one of the best known and most characteristic trees of tropical Africa. It is characterised by a relatively short, extremely thick trunk, which can reach a diameter of more than 10 m. The tree can grow up to 800 years old. - Cattle seek the shade of the tree - Mansara - Mali - 1969

Sunset over the Niger River near Kabara, Mali. A 13-kilometre-long artificial canal connected Kabara with Timbuktu since the 17th century. The canal was used by pirogues and sailing ships. It served to transport people and goods and connected Timbuktu with the Niger. This canal dried up again and again in modern times and is now silted up and only visible as a ditch in some places. - Mali - 1969

A herd of dromedaries refreshes itself in the Niger River - Kabara - Mali - 1969

The blacksmith, the malem, is the master of fire. He makes the silver jewellery, the weapons, the camel harnesses. Here the malem pulls a takuba out of the scabbard. The blacksmiths form a caste of their own. They are despised and at the same time feared by sedentary and nomadic people. –Kabara – Mali – 1969

A basket trader advertises her wares. - Port of Kabara - Mali - 1969

The dromedary is a common domestic animal throughout North Africa. The southern limit of distribution is in the Sahel zone from Senegal to Sudan at about 13-15 degrees north latitude. - Kabara - Mali - 1969

The climate in Timbuktu is desert-like, there is always a hot, dry wind (harmattan) blowing from the Sahara. - Traders sell their wares at a market in Timbuktu. - Mali - 1969

Built in 1581, the Sankóre Mosque in Timbuktu has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1988. It is a courtyard mosque. This lies as an inner courtyard in the centre of the complex. The minaret is located on the south side. Clay, which was specifically shaped, served as the building material. - Timbuktu - Mali - 1969

At the well of Ekisman - Early practice for those who want to become real shepherds. - Niger - 1970

At the well of Ekisman - Early practice for those who want to become a real shepherdess. - Niger - 1970

The city of Timbuktu is located about 12 kilometres north of the Niger River, which flows past in a large arc from the Massina region in a south-westerly direction. - Selling ceramics at a market in Timbuktu. - Mali - 1969

There are different interpretations of the name Timbuktu: "well of Buktu", "the far well" or "place in the dunes". - Drawing water at a well in the surroundings of Timbuktu - Mali - 1969

A little girl crushes salt - Timbuktu - Mali - 1969

The artisan needs a lot of patience when making straw jewellery. - Timbuktu - Mali - 1969

A visit to a hairdresser is not only for a shave, but also for a long chat. - Timbuktu - Mali - 1969

Clay Mosque near Timbuktu - Mali - 1969

The port of Mopti on the Niger River. Mopti is particularly characterised by trade and crafts. The city is a trading centre for fish, cattle and grain. Important crafts are weaving, iron and leather processing, pottery and boat building (pinasses up to 50 tons). - Mali - 1969

Thirst is quenched directly at the well - Ekisman - Niger - 1970

You can even use the precious water from Eskiman's well to wash your hair. - Niger - 1970

The balafon is widespread in West Africa, especially in Guinea and Mali. It consists of wooden bars and calabashes - hollow gourds that serve as resonators. Two or three finger-thick holes are drilled into the sides of the calabashes, over which spider webs or bat wings are glued. The bars and their resonators are held together by a frame of split bamboo and strips of goatskin. Today's balaphones vary considerably in size, number of bars (between 12 and 23) and tuning. The range is usually two and a half to three and a half octaves. - Mopti - Mali - 1969

Girls as well as boys help to bring the cattle to the drinking trough. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

Overview of the well of Ekismane. The herders distribute the water to the watering troughs. The cattle wait for their turn. - Niger - 1970

The balafon is widespread in West Africa, especially in Guinea and Mali. It consists of wooden bars and calabashes - hollow gourds that serve as resonators. Two or three finger-thick holes are drilled into the sides of the calabashes, over which spider webs or bat wings are glued. The bars and their resonators are held together by a frame of split bamboo and strips of goatskin. Today's balaphones vary considerably in size, number of bars (between 12 and 23) and tuning. The range is usually two and a half to three and a half octaves. - Mopti - Mali - 1969

In Mopti, the inhabitants are ethnically heterogeneous. A high percentage are Fula. There are also Marka, Bambara, Bozo, Bobo and, in splinter groups, Mossi. - Mopti - 1969

A young girl from the Gourma region, Mali, offers milk in a calabash. The nomads have not adopted pottery, which is too fragile for transport purposes. However, they know how to boil liquids in a simple skin bag stretched over a wooden hoop by throwing heated stones into it. The consistency of the forms from prehistoric times to the present day is admirable. - Mali - 1969

These girls are a splendid example of the Fula tribe found between Douentza and Hombori in Mali. The graceful harmony of the fine features, illuminated by an intelligent smile, is remarkable. The Fulbe belong to the large family of the Peul. - Mali - 1969

This girl is a splendid example of the Fulbe tribe found between Douentza and Hombori in Mali. The graceful harmony of the fine features, illuminated by an intelligent smile, are remarkable. The Fulbe belong to the large family of the Peul. - Mali - 1969

Young girl from the town of Hombori, which lies between Mopti and Gao on the edge of the Hombori-Tondo table mountain. This area is inhabited by the Gurma tribe. - Mali - 1969

Young woman from the town of Hombori, which lies between Mopti and Gao on the edge of the Hombori-Tondo table mountain. This area is inhabited by the Gurma tribe. - Mali - 1969

The Hand of Fatima is the name of a rock massif in Mali near Hombori on the road from Mopti to Gao. The rock needles made of sandstone are named according to the symbol of the Hand of Fatima, which serves as a defensive charm in Islamic folklore. They are a popular destination for mountaineers. - Mali - 1969

Cattle wait patiently in the midday heat until they are led to the drinking trough - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

Peul Bororo men on the way to the well of Eskiman - Niger - 1970

Filingué is located in a zone where agropastoralism is practised. The large market of Filingué is mainly used by pastoralists and millet farmers, members of the Fulbe and Tuareg ethnic groups. The town's inhabitants struggle with poor nutrition, lack of access to drinking water and problems with water drainage in rainy seasons. - Water transport by calabash - Niger - 1970

Nomads on the move north of Filingué - Niger - 1970

A young Fula woman at the well of Tébaram, located in an area where agropastoralism is predominant. - Niger - 1970

Richly decorated house in Tahoua, an important trading centre. The large market is a meeting place for the different ethnic groups every Sunday. - Niger - 1970

Water is an absolute necessity, but in general it is neither so scarce nor so inaccessible that one cannot live in its comforting proximity. The charming image of the water-carriers of Tebaram, between Tahoua and Filingue (Niger), brings to our attention one of the main occupations of the Saharan nomads: obtaining the precious liquid, transporting it and storing it. The calabashes indicate a semi-sedentary tribe, because the caravan driver uses a tube made of goatskin, the famous gerba. Before each departure, it is the one that demands all attention: One is loaded onto each camel to prevent them all being lost or damaged together, one inspects its condition, its stitching, the straps that hold its closure and the ropes on which it hangs. Rightly so - after all, a single carelessness can mean death. - Niger - 1970

In front of the Tabalak pond, Niger, the two Tuaregs on their camels form a striking contrast: one could better imagine them in the gorges of the Tassili. The trees are dead, although their roots are in the water. This is due to the fact that a pool is by definition temporary and can form after a rain that fell years after the last one. Combine this with the fact that when pasture becomes scarce, shepherds cut off all the branches that still have some leaves on them for the needs of their flock. The terrible drama in the Sahel has been made much worse by this custom. - Niger - 1970

In front of the Tabalak pond, Niger, these Tuaregs on their camels form a striking contrast: one could better imagine them in the gorges of the Tassili. The trees are dead, although their roots are in the water. This is due to the fact that a pool is by definition temporary and can form after a rain that fell years after the last one. Combine this with the fact that when pasture becomes scarce, shepherds cut off all the branches that still have some leaves on them for the needs of their flock. The terrible drama in the Sahel has been made much worse by this custom. - Niger - 1970

The lens has captured the biblical-like image of the bozo riding to the well of Ekisman. It has often been overlooked that cattle also served as pack animals and as such played a major role in Saharan civilisation. - Niger - 1970

With the help of the dromedary, the water is lifted while the cattle wait patiently until they are led to the watering place. A spectacle that is repeated daily. - Well of Eskiman - Niger - 1970

The irreproachability of their bearing stems partly from the fact that they learn very early to carry heavy loads on their heads. Typical of their breed, apart from the graceful gesture of this Bororo carrier, are the very large eyes, the delicacy of the mouth and the rather oriental imprint of the head. The ears, pierced all along the rim by many holes, allow to wear amazing amounts of silver rings. - Fountain of Eskiman - Niger - 1970

In Ekisman, there is again the long wait of the cattle, who have become dependent on man, who seeks the sparse water in the bowels of the earth. This waiting can be seen in the eyes of the animals, the atmosphere is oppressive, dusty, and the work of the herdsmen exhausting. Certainly, the drying up of the drinking trough is also related to the number of animals that quench their thirst at it, and there are also waterholes that dry up only during a few weeks before each rainy season, but you can count them on your fingers. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

The household goods of a Fula family - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

A Peul Bororo woman mends a garment in the tent. She wears an amazing amount of silver rings on her ears. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

In Ekisman, there is again the long wait of the cattle, who have become dependent on man, who seeks the sparse water in the bowels of the earth. This waiting can be seen in the eyes of the animals, the atmosphere is oppressive, dusty, and the work of the herdsmen exhausting. Certainly, the drying up of the drinking trough is also related to the number of animals that quench their thirst at it, and there are also waterholes that dry up only during a few weeks before each rainy season, but you can count them on your fingers. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

The irreproachability of their bearing stems partly from the fact that they learn very early to carry heavy loads on their heads. Typical of their breed, apart from the graceful gesture of this Bororo carrier, are the very large eyes, the delicacy of the mouth and the rather oriental imprint of the head. The ears, pierced all along the rim by many holes, allow to wear amazing amounts of silver rings. Two cords serve to hold two different collections of amulets, to which . . . Safety pins are added! The chignon, worn over the forehead, recalls the Phrygian hairstyle of figures in rock paintings in the Tassili. - Fountain of Eskiman - Niger - 1970

Woman from the Peul-Bororo people at the well of Ekisman. The Bororo are animists and live in an endogamous society where you only marry within your own clan, so they are considered the "purest" Peul people. - Well of Eskiman - Niger - 1970

Mariam is a Peul Bororo woman. The Bororo tribe is fundamentally animistic and forms an endogamous society. Marriages are therefore necessarily within the group, so the Bororo consider themselves the "purest" of the Peulh. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

The woman plays a very important role in the society of the Peul (Fula), and she has a lot of freedom, but she also respects the customs of her race that have come down to her from the ancestors. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

The bow is one of the "revolutionary" developments of the Neolithic. It had the same consequences for its owners as the first rifles. The posture of the Bororo-Peul hunter dressed in leather testifies to the permanence of the traditional gesture, holding his bow much like the one on the rock painting of Jabbaren, Tassili n' Ajjer. - Fountain of Eskiman - Niger - 1970

Who radiates more joie de vivre than this young Bororo woman? Typical of her costume are the small bodice that leaves part of the body uncovered, the heavy earrings, the amulets worn on the chest. Married for two years, this peul woman still has no child, for these prudent, balanced people have been practising a kind of birth control for a very long time, with the virtue of the simple having the greatest effect. The woman plays a very important role in the society of the Peul (Fula), and she has a lot of freedom, but she also respects the customs of her race that have come down to her from the ancestors. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

It is difficult to find a people with more sense of pomp and adornment than the Peul. At festivals, one can witness true competitions for male beauty. The Peul are extremely ostentatious - as far as poverty does not set natural limits to this. But it is most interesting to note that these men, whose effeminate demeanour conceals a legendary courage, like their neighbours, the Tuareg, know the ancient custom of the courtyard of love. At festivals, the participants never refrain from carrying this long sword, so similar to the takuba from the Hoggarm massif. They make up their faces with vivid colours, saffron yellow, red and white predominating, and one would come to no end to make an inventory of the jewels and amulets they are wont to spread out on these occasions. To win the approval of the lady of one's choice, one must know how to show oneself off, and looks, grimaces and contortions count.... This is what the beautiful spectacle observed at the fountain of Ekisman is all about. - Niger - 1970

Until a few decades ago, ethnography did not credit the Peul (Fula) with a prehistoric origin; but we did not yet know what prehistory has since revealed to us. This Bororo Peul, found between Abalak and In Gall, is a descendant of the Neolithic cattle herders. Although dark-skinned, but copper-coloured rather than black, the Peul may well be the heirs of the Neolithic people of Sudanese tradition, who had emerged from the mixture of several races, at least one of which came from the Mediterranean area. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

This young girl from the Peul-Bororo people, photographed near the well of Ekisman, may be descended from distant relatives on the upper reaches of the Nile. - Niger - 1970

Cattle at the well of Ekisman at sunset - Niger - 1970

It is difficult to find a people with more sense of pomp and adornment than the Peul (Fula). At festivals, one can witness true competitions for male beauty. The Peul are extremely ostentatious - as far as poverty does not set natural limits to this. But it is most interesting to note that these men, whose effeminate demeanour conceals a legendary courage, like their neighbours, the Tuareg, know the ancient custom of the courtyard of love. At festivals, the participants never refrain from carrying this long sword, so similar to the takuba from the Hoggarm massif. They make up their faces with vivid colours, saffron yellow, red and white predominating, and one would come to no end to make an inventory of the jewels and amulets they are wont to spread out on these occasions. To win the approval of the lady of one's choice, one must know how to show oneself off, and looks, grimaces and contortions count.... This is what the beautiful spectacle observed at the fountain of Ekisman is all about. - Niger - 1970

This young Peul wears the typical hat of the Zinder region - Southern Niger - 1970

It is difficult to find a people with more sense of pomp and adornment than the Peul (Fula). At festivals, one can witness true competitions for male beauty. The Peul are extremely ostentatious - as far as poverty does not set natural limits to this. But it is most interesting to note that these men, whose effeminate demeanour conceals a legendary courage, like their neighbours, the Tuareg, know the ancient custom of the courtyard of love. At festivals, the participants never refrain from carrying this long sword, so similar to the takuba from the Hoggarm massif. They make up their faces with vivid colours, saffron yellow, red and white predominating, and one would come to no end to make an inventory of the jewels and amulets they are wont to spread out on these occasions. To win the approval of the lady of one's choice, one must know how to show oneself off, and looks, grimaces and contortions count.... This is what the beautiful spectacle observed at the fountain of Ekisman is all about. - Niger - 1970

A Bororo herdsman in typical posture at the well of Ekisman - Niger - 1970

It is difficult to find a people with more sense of pomp and adornment than the Peul. At festivals, one can witness true competitions for male beauty. The Peul are extremely ostentatious - as far as poverty does not set natural limits to this. But it is most interesting to note that these men, whose effeminate demeanour conceals a legendary courage, like their neighbours, the Tuareg, know the ancient custom of the courtyard of love. At festivals, the participants never refrain from carrying this long sword, so similar to the takuba from the Hoggarm massif. They make up their faces with vivid colours, saffron yellow, red and white predominating, and one would come to no end to make an inventory of the jewels and amulets they are wont to spread out on these occasions. To win the approval of the lady of one's choice, one must know how to show oneself off, and looks, grimaces and contortions count.... This is what the beautiful spectacle observed at the fountain of Ekisman is all about. - Niger - 1970

Until a few decades ago, ethnography did not credit the Peul (Fula) with a prehistoric origin; but we did not yet know what prehistory has since revealed to us. This Bororo Peul, found between Abalak and In Gall, is a descendant of the Neolithic cattle herders. Although dark-skinned, but copper-coloured rather than black, the Peul may well be the heirs of the Neolithic people of Sudanese tradition, who had emerged from the mixture of several races, at least one of which came from the Mediterranean area. - Eskiman well - Niger - 1970

The pirogue is the most popular means of transport on the Chari River - Chad - 1967

The cattle quench their thirst in the river Chari - Chad - 1967

It is difficult to find a people with more sense of pomp and adornment than the Peul (Fula). At festivals, one can witness true competitions for male beauty. The Peul are extremely ostentatious - as far as poverty does not set natural limits to this. But it is most interesting to note that these men, whose effeminate demeanour conceals a legendary courage, like their neighbours, the Tuareg, know the ancient custom of the courtyard of love. At festivals, the participants never refrain from carrying this long sword, so similar to the takuba from the Hoggarm massif. They make up their faces with vivid colours, saffron yellow, red and white predominating, and one would come to no end to make an inventory of the jewels and amulets they are wont to spread out on these occasions. To win the approval of the lady of one's choice, one must know how to show oneself off, and looks, grimaces and contortions count.... This is what the beautiful spectacle observed at the fountain of Ekisman is all about. - Niger - 1970

The fishermen on Lake Chad are experts at driving pirogues- Chad - 1967

It is difficult to find a people with more sense of pomp and adornment than the Peul. At festivals, one can witness true competitions for male beauty. The Peul are extremely ostentatious - as far as poverty does not set natural limits to this. But it is most interesting to note that these men, whose effeminate demeanour conceals a legendary courage, like their neighbours, the Tuareg, know the ancient custom of the courtyard of love. At festivals, the participants never refrain from carrying this long sword, so similar to the takuba from the Hoggarm massif. They make up their faces with vivid colours, saffron yellow, red and white predominating, and one would come to no end to make an inventory of the jewels and amulets they are wont to spread out on these occasions. To win the approval of the lady of one's choice, one must know how to show oneself off, and looks, grimaces and contortions count.... This is what the beautiful spectacle observed at the fountain of Ekisman is all about. - Niger - 1970

The bow is one of the "revolutionary" developments of the Neolithic. It had the same consequences for its owners as the first rifles. The posture of the Bororo-Peul hunter dressed in leather testifies to the permanence of the traditional gesture, holding his bow much like the one on the rock painting of Jabbaren, Tassili n' Ajjer. - Fountain of Eskiman - Niger - 1970

A flute player replaces the orchestra and supports the chorus of dancers with his instrument. The beat is given to him by clapping hands. The women, prize of this peaceful competition, show a very seductive demeanour ... - Fountain of Eskiman - Niger - 1970

A young Bororo with his typical features at the well of Ekisman - Niger - 1970

A proud Bororo lady with her typical features at the well of Ekisman - Niger - 1970

A flute player replaces the orchestra and supports the chorus of dancers with his instrument. The beat is given to him by clapping hands. The women, prize of this peaceful competition, show a very seductive demeanour ... - Fountain of Eskiman - Niger - 1970

It has often been overlooked that cattle also served as pack animals and as such played a major role in the civilisation of the Sahara. As a rider we find the same girl as in the previous photo. - Well of Ekisman - Niger - 1970

Typical of their breed are the tattoos on the Bororo's face. The ears, pierced all along the rim by many holes, allow to wear amazing amounts of silver rings. Strings around the neck are used to hold various collections of amulets. - Fountain of Ekisman - Niger - 1970

South of Agadez, on the road to Zinder, lies the village of Tanout. Members of sub-groups of the Kanuri, Fula (Peul) and Tuareg ethnic groups live in this area, all of them mainly practising agropastoralism. This Peul-Bororo woman radiates beauty and elegance. - Tanout - Niger - 1970

South of Agadez, on the road to Zinder, lies the village of Tanout. Members of subgroups of the Kanuri, Fula (Peul) and Tuareg ethnic groups live in this area, all of them practising mainly agropastoralism. This Peul-Bororo woman with her youngest child on her back radiates beauty and elegance. - Tanout - Niger - 1970

There are waterholes that dry up only a few weeks before each rainy season. And yet ... after a sharp bend in the track, a river appears, a real river with much deep water, which nothing has foreseen: The Chari is barely indicated by the vegetation of its banks ... - Chad - 1967

This papyrus thicket in the evening sun on the shore of Lake Chad is home to a rich fauna, especially insects. Chad - 1967

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