Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago and one of the most diverse multi-ethnic nations in the world. More than 300 different ethnic groups live on its more than 17,000 islands, speaking over 700 distinct languages and dialects. Despite this enormous diversity, the country is united by the national motto ‘Bhinneka Tunggal Ika’ (Unity in Diversity).
The population can be broadly divided into large, dominant ethnic groups in the west and smaller, often indigenous communities in the eastern and more remote island regions. The largest ethnic group in Indonesia are the Javanese. 60 per cent of people with Indonesian citizenship live on Java. This island accounts for around 7 per cent of the country’s total area.
All photographs were taken in 1990.